What is Sealing?
Sealing in the context of art conservation refers to the process of applying a protective coating to artwork to safeguard it from environmental factors such as dust, dirt, moisture, and UV radiation. This protective layer helps to preserve the artwork’s original appearance and prolong its lifespan.
Sealing can be done using various types of sealants, each offering different levels of protection and aesthetic effects. The choice of sealant and application technique depends on the type of artwork, its materials, and the desired outcome.
Importance of Sealing in Art Conservation
Sealing plays a crucial role in art conservation by providing a barrier against external elements that can damage or degrade the artwork over time. Without proper sealing, artworks are vulnerable to fading, discoloration, mold growth, and physical damage.
By sealing artwork, conservators can ensure its long-term preservation and prevent the need for costly restoration treatments in the future. Additionally, sealing can enhance the visual appeal of the artwork by improving its color saturation and surface finish.
Types of Sealants Used in Art Conservation
There are several types of sealants commonly used in art conservation, including varnishes, resins, and coatings. Varnishes are traditional sealants made from natural or synthetic materials that provide a glossy or matte finish to the artwork.
Resins, such as acrylic and epoxy resins, offer a more durable and protective coating that is resistant to moisture, UV radiation, and abrasion. Coatings, such as polyurethane and silicone coatings, provide a clear, flexible layer that can be easily removed for future conservation efforts.
Each type of sealant has its own unique properties and application methods, so it is important to choose the right sealant for the specific needs of the artwork.
Application Techniques for Sealing
The application of sealants requires careful consideration and precision to ensure a uniform and effective coating. Before applying the sealant, the artwork should be cleaned and prepared to remove any dirt, dust, or previous coatings that may interfere with the sealing process.
Sealants can be applied using various techniques, including brushing, spraying, and dipping. Brushing is a common method for applying varnishes and coatings, while spraying is often used for resins and coatings that require a thin, even layer.
Dipping is a less common but effective technique for sealing three-dimensional artworks or objects with intricate surfaces. Regardless of the application method, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and allow the sealant to dry completely before handling or displaying the artwork.
Considerations for Sealing Artwork
When sealing artwork, conservators must consider several factors to ensure the best possible outcome. The type of sealant chosen should be compatible with the materials of the artwork to prevent discoloration or damage.
The environment in which the artwork will be displayed or stored should also be taken into account, as certain sealants may be more suitable for high-humidity or high-UV conditions. Additionally, conservators should consider the desired aesthetic effect of the sealant, whether it be a glossy, matte, or satin finish.
Proper documentation of the sealing process is essential for future conservation efforts, as it allows conservators to track the materials used, application techniques, and any changes in the artwork’s condition over time.
Common Mistakes to Avoid When Sealing Artwork
Despite the importance of sealing in art conservation, there are common mistakes that conservators should avoid to prevent damage to the artwork. One common mistake is applying too thick of a layer of sealant, which can lead to uneven drying, cracking, or yellowing over time.
Using the wrong type of sealant for the artwork’s materials can also cause discoloration or deterioration, so it is important to test the sealant on a small, inconspicuous area before applying it to the entire artwork. Rushing the sealing process or skipping proper preparation steps can result in a subpar finish that may require costly resealing or restoration in the future.
By understanding the importance of sealing, choosing the right sealant and application techniques, and avoiding common mistakes, conservators can effectively protect and preserve artworks for future generations to enjoy.