I. What is Capping?
Capping is a technique used in art conservation and restoration to protect and preserve the surface of a painting or artwork. It involves applying a layer of material over the original surface to provide support and stability, as well as to protect against further damage.
Capping is typically done when the original surface of the artwork is fragile, flaking, or deteriorating. By adding a protective layer, conservators can prevent the artwork from further deterioration and ensure its longevity.
II. Materials and Tools Used in Capping
Materials commonly used in capping include Japanese tissue paper, various adhesives such as gelatin or starch paste, and a facing tissue to protect the original surface. Tools used in capping may include brushes, spatulas, and heat sources for drying and setting the materials.
Japanese tissue paper is often preferred for capping due to its strength, flexibility, and transparency. Adhesives are carefully chosen based on their compatibility with the original artwork and their ability to provide a secure bond without causing damage.
III. Techniques for Capping
The process of capping begins with assessing the condition of the artwork and determining the appropriate materials and techniques to use. The surface is cleaned and prepared before the capping materials are applied.
Conservators carefully apply the adhesive to the Japanese tissue paper and then gently adhere it to the surface of the artwork. The facing tissue is then applied over the Japanese tissue to protect the original surface and create a smooth finish.
IV. Importance of Capping in Art Conservation
Capping plays a crucial role in art conservation by stabilizing fragile surfaces, preventing further damage, and ensuring the longevity of the artwork. It can also enhance the visual appearance of the artwork by providing a smooth and uniform surface.
By capping an artwork, conservators can protect it from environmental factors such as humidity, light, and pollutants that can cause deterioration over time. Capping is especially important for delicate and sensitive artworks that are at risk of damage.
V. Challenges and Considerations in Capping
One of the challenges in capping is ensuring that the materials used are compatible with the original artwork and will not cause any harm. Conservators must carefully test the materials and techniques before applying them to the artwork.
Another consideration in capping is the reversibility of the process. Conservators must ensure that the capping materials can be safely removed in the future without causing damage to the original surface of the artwork.
VI. Case Studies of Capping in Art Restoration
One notable case of capping in art restoration is the conservation of Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece, the Last Supper. Due to the fragile condition of the painting, conservators applied a protective layer of Japanese tissue paper to stabilize the surface and prevent further flaking.
Another example is the restoration of ancient Egyptian papyrus scrolls, where capping was used to protect the delicate surfaces from damage and deterioration. The careful application of capping materials helped preserve the intricate details and colors of the ancient texts.
Overall, capping is a valuable technique in art conservation that helps protect and preserve artworks for future generations to enjoy. By understanding the materials, tools, techniques, and importance of capping, conservators can ensure the longevity and beauty of precious artworks.